Television system



Sept. 24, 1946.- 3

A. M. CARM EL I TELEVISION SYSTEM Filefd Oct. 14, 1944 s Sheets-Sheet 1 r INVENTOR. ALAN M. CARMEL A Ti R E p -A. M. CARMEL 2,408,293

TELEVISION SYSTLJ I Filed bot. 14, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ALAN, M. CARMEL BY A TTURNE y Sept. 24, 1946.

' TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed Oct. 14, 1944 s 'bheets-Sheet 3 mmvrok: ALAN M. (ARMEL A TTURNE)" A. M. CARMEL 2,408,293

Patented Sept. 24, 1946 mELE'm-smN Alan M. fOar-n1el,- Forest Hills, N. Y, 7 .QppliationgOctirbenM,1944, Serial, No.-. 558;630 1 i f2 c ams. (01.24

"Myiinvention relates objects are to .make ,permanent .records ,of tele- .vision signals and to ,rreproduce electric television signals from suchrecords. t 1

Otherobliects .are to produce, records fofte1evision signals which can bestohd, which ,can wbe used .at any future time tor-reproduction, which constitute documentary proof, sforsexample, for legal "or .historic purposes, which ,canfbe s'hipped, which can be fused for reproduction or broadcast- 'ingia't =placesidistant from the placeio'f recording, which can be vused several times, -;to make ,poss'ilole the-distribution ,of television programs over unlimited distances, ,toi'ma-ke sucha distribution independent -from cable networks ,.or, relay .stations, andto avoid distortions,expensesand other drawbacks resulting-troinnetworksomrlays,

:Further obj.ects are "to :make records ,iof gthis kind which can -be multiplied inexpensively and which can be icopied by ,-photographic processes,

Still I other, objectsiare -to :faeilitate the production' of television {programs ,toiacflitate-lthis production in. studios far-:from 'or notconnectedwith broadcasting stations, to -make (possible this production in separate gs-arts which ican'lbemeproduced'coherently, to makepossible the gtes't ,o f

toi'television and its inain this aproduction or I of, .i-ts -parts before public Lreproduction, and tomake possib-lethe elimination or insertion of parts :ofthis production. I

"Still .further :objects are to produce ,reconds of television action "without motion picture iequ'ipment, to make possibleithe broadcasting of itele vision action by stations which have :no iconoscope or other scanning-wquipment, ,and toiserve several-broadcasting s-tationsbypne-scanning de- ,vice.

: Jenn other objects ma, ene a-res?" ijfihis kind fromsignalsproducedby convgantion'al'"scan; ning devices, to derive the records from scan ni'ng ,clevices "operating withou chanically moving parts, 'exc I moving the record carrier, and to reproiiuce the recorded signals 'byfmeans '11 rise of inertia and in -a manner I adapted Lforibfoadcasting' with conventional equipmentzand for'erece'iition withrconventionalreceivers. 1 1 7 :Still further ioblject's are to, g'record isound -.=si;gn'als on thesame carr-ier asthetelevisimmrmideo signals, and to record {and gto meproduce sound and -:television signals simultaneously wand v sy nchronizedly. Usually television, signals comprise synchronization and vdeflection o signals ,;in addition to signals picturing po'ints .of Jihe scanned object,- and Iinclude the recording. and reproduc tion of all these sign-alsin mssob'jec'tsi a ,It jmanylrh'ore "television signals than sound signals are require'dper unit o'ftime. While sound. signals have been isatisfactorilyirecorded on .motionflpicturefilms, the high jfre- V quency ,of ,television signals has been "hitherto regarded, as prohibiting jproperre'cordinglonfilms. I have overcome this preliudice and have found that.,much more'television signals ithan sound signals can be recorded ,per jlength unit otfilm vdue to the .fiact that, while sound signals must have distinguishably varying intervals, video signals may be recorded .atuhiiormjinte'rvals .reguiring only the. minimumlen'gth permitted by microscopic and photographic methods. Therefore, further objects are ,toimove the record icarri'er with a speed Just -suflic'ieritjforfsuch minimum intervals, to condensefthejtelevision signals to such intervals, to. make the "record 'on afilm ,"of reasonable len'gth and .moving -,at reasonable speed, .to lmake-the recordst'sufiicieiitly small for the accommodation.bfQseveral rows of sign'als on one film, \andrtorecord or. reproduce one rbwiafter theiot-her.

, Still .further objects-are to use afilm whichfis sufficiently broad to withstand the stresso'f its movement, .to use -moving means which do not cause sudden jerkseor excessive stress, toprovide means to graduallyincrease and Etard'th'espeed of .theu'econd carrier, and to provide means 'for reversing the moving direction-and for shifting the film/laterally relative .to therecording or reproducing devices; I r stillotheriobjectsvaregtoiuse aiplurality o'f rem ordnarriers or films to useithese carriers alternat-inglyffor continuous-recordingor reproducing andxto utilize, then-time when onegcarrier is not used for recording or reproducing for reducing, reversing and accelerating thespeedofthis carrier.

A stilliu-rther obiectsare to controlithevspeedof pt for parts for the carriers and-rthe switching from 'onencarrier to another by inarkersnarried 'by the record Icarfiersfu i i Still other objects are'to achieveall these results ygith; elativl y siinple, "inexpensive, reflective and reliatile means. I I

Still f further objects and advantages will appear from the following description ofaii*"e'xe npliiyingfenib'odiment ofmy invention, from the appended claims "and "-fromf'the accompanying drawings "in which:

.'Fig.;1 ."shows"a recording fdevice'according to my 7 invention, om ans being shown diagrammati- 'cally, other partsin EVEIfbiCQl side elevation ,--some of the latter parts being shown out along the line l-l in Fig.2.

Fig. 2 shows parts shown in Fig. 1, seen from the upper side in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a reproducing device according to my invention. some parts being shown diagrammatically, other parts in a side elevation corresponding to Fig. 1. some parts which are identical with the recording device shown in Fig. 1 being omitted.

Fig. 4 shows some parts shown in Fig. 3, seen from the left side in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 shows a partial my invention, seen from the right side in Figs. 1 and 3.

Fig. 6 shows a means controlling schematical diagram of the the movement of'the film.

Fig. 7 shows a partial view of a film used in a modification of the invention.

Fig. 8 shows a. schematical diagram of control means used additionally in this modification.

Referring to Fig. 1, numeral 2 indicates the terminals of a television signals'producing device which may have any known and suitable structure and, for example, may comprise a cathode ray oscillograph or iconoscope 3 with a camera 4 projecting a picture of an object 5 on a screen. This device may be further equipped in known manner with two deflection oscillators 1 and amplifiers 8,5 and I0. According to the usual method, the produced television signals are conducted to a sender or transmitter, for example, by wires short wave generator l2 and an open aerialearth circuit I l adapted to broadcast waves carrying the television signals.

The same signals are according to my invention conducted to a recording device, for ex ample by wires' l4, instead to the sender or in addition thereto. The transmission of the television signals to the wires l4 may be effected in any suitable manner, for example by conductive connection with the terminals 2. In the shown embodiment, the terminals 2 are connected to the turning points of a double arm switch 15, each arm of which carries two contacts l5 and I1. The switch 15 can be set in any of four positions l8, I9, 20 or 2|. In the position 18 indicated by a full line for each arm, the terminals are disconnected. In the position 19, the terminals are connected through the contacts 11 to wires l4. In the position 25, the terminals are connectedin the same way and also through the contacts 16 to the wires Hi. In theposition 2|, the terminals are connected to the wires it alone.

view of a film used for 29 fitting a groove or recess for example, with a speed not less than 10 yards per second. Preferably several rows of signals are recorded on the same film. Each subsequent row may be recorded after the moving direction of the film has been reversed, and the position of the film relative to the camera has been shifted across the film. All these movements may be eifected by any suitable means, for example by the device described in the following.

' A .plate 28 .isfsupported on an even surface of the base plate 21 and has a lower extension 35 of 21 slidably the moving direcin direction perpendicular to tion of the film 24. At one end of the groove a passing through 13. This sender may comprise an ultratransformed into light signals preferably by a device freeof inertia, for example, by a cathode ray tube 22 of which the raying intensity or brightness of the light spot is modulated or controlled by the electric signals in known manner. The light. rays originating from the screen 23 of the tube22 and indicated in Fig. 1 by dotted lines are projected on a photographic film 24 preferably by a camera or lens system 25 of known and suitable structure.

The tube 22 and the camera 25 may be mounted on a common bracket 26 (Figs. 1 and 2) afiixed to a base plate 21. During the recording operation, the film 24 moves in its longitudinal direction across the light beam projected by the camera 25 and with a speed suificiently high to record the signals in a row, one after the other,

to theother reel: The

3| is affixed to the base plate and rotatably supports the end pin of a shaft 32 a threaded bore of the plate 28 or its extension 29 and having an outer screw threadengaging the thread of this bore. The other end of the shaft 32 is coupled with the shaft of a motor 33 afiixed to the base plate 21 wherebyrotation of this motor moves the plate 28 in the direction of the shaft 32. A disk 34 is co-axially affixed to an extension of the shaft of the motor 33' and can be engaged by a stopping device 35; The parts 34 and 35 and their functions will be described more fully later with reference to Fig. 6. i Fourbrackets 36, 31, 3B and 39 are mounted on the plate 28. Two parallel shafts 4i) and M are rotatably supported in bores or bearings of the brackets 36 and 31. Similarly, two parallel shafts 42 and 43 are supported by the brackets 38 and'39. Each of the shafts 42 and 43 carries a reel 44 adapted to receive the film 24. Each of the shafts 40 and 4| carries a drum or wheel 45 coupled with the carrying shaft. The film runs from one reel .44, for example from the upper one, over onedrum 45, passes before the camera 25' and runs then over the other drum 7 drums 45 may be provided with teeth 46 engaging small slots or perforations 41 (Fig; 5) provided in the film.

A motor 48 has a shaft 49 co-axially coupled with the shaft of one of the drums 45, for ex- 30, a bearing ample with the shaft 49. The motor,48 may be ably for'all drums and reels; These brakes may be arranged, for example, in spaces located in the brackets 31 and 39 and may be constituted by iron cores 56 affixed to the braked shaft and surrounded bystationary brake magnets 51. The operation of these magnets will be described later with reference to Fig. 6. I

The driving force of the motor 48 and the inert and braking forces acting on the shafts 40, 4|, 42 and'43 are mutually transmitted. At least the transmission from one drum to the other doesnot rely on the film 24, but on a separate transmission which may comprise two wheels 52 affixed respectivelyto the shafts 40 and 4| and connected y; chain or belt 53. An exactly equalized rotation of the reels 44 may be secured by wheels 54 aifixed respectively to the shafts 42 and 43" and connected by a chain or belt 55 whereby the length of the film portion between the two reels remains constant under all circumstancesxandnthe film moves with 'a;.=mlnimum of stress. f I Preferably. sound :sienals ,iare recordedxsimultaneously :on the ;same fWJhQIQQbY television and sound signals are automatically ynchr,o,- nized. Electric sound signals may the produ d iniknownzmanner,:for example, by arEdeViQe comprisingzajmicrophone .58. A double armswitch 59 constructed'jin ;a qmanner, corresponding to the switch 15 may be connected to thegterinina-ls fiflrof the microphone circuit. This switch. -9 permits the sound signals to be conducted eit erto a sender 6| constructed similarly .asthe sender M, 2, but operating with ;another wave length, or instead v oz :in addition 'thei eto, ;to wires -52 connected to the re,c,o1:di ,-:d6| v These WiIespGnduet the so nd si nals to ,a cathode ray tube e63 ;-where they are transfer-med into .-.1- .;eh.t s gna s w ich are p o ected byza ca era 64 ,on-the filmie, the; function and arrangement.-of the parts ,63 and 66 cor-resp onding to those pf the parts :2Z;and-25. Theitubes .22 and 63 as well as the cameras .25;and 64 are prefer ably ;so gpositioned that .thetwe ;foci or recording spots onthefilm have a -distance-inthe direction of the film'movement wherebyga favorable parallel-and equidistant position ,of these tubes same manner.as.orlginal signals.

end 1being'= .affixed :to :the other reel. The area used for the record begins atsomedistance from the end f'fiilfQr: examplee-at thea broken line-l6. Rreferably lthe'ii-lm isrmade sufiiciently fbroad'to Withstand millimeters -"wixle.v

.Thi Width and .the small height-of the microseoniezsignals recorded; makes.

itpossi-ble to ediili fi thevrecordingareaintomargins :for ithe perforations 4] Land into a large number, for example twentmaof .-'signal:rowsof whichconly zfl few;.are indicat; d by dottedlines. Halfgof these rowsemay .be' used-for television and theptherhalf for sound-signals. Preferably, the

. sound;signal .rows are, positioned at one side,

and cameras ,is made possible. .In addition, .the

two foci haye;ardist,ance in the orossingzdirection I whereby the reoords will appearon the film in different rows as will be described :later with ,reference to Fig. 5. y ,After thephotographic film 24 has. been {exposed to .the light signals and, eventually, has been developed film .shows rows of a transparency varied or modulated according to theintensity of the signals. This film may be stored, shipped and used fortreproduction of the electric signals .at any place and time. During the reproducing operation, the film is moved ;in substantially-the same manner as during the recording, andthesame moving device comprising motors 33 and llireels 44, drums .45 and so on, or an identioalidevice may be iused .for thereproduetion. In. solar .as this moving device isiconcerned, Fig. ,1 may beregarded as an illustration .also of ,the reproducingdevice. The .eqllipmentparticular to .the reproduction is illustrated .in .Figs. .3 and 4.

In these figures..65.indicatesa'bracket.mounted in a manner similar to the bracketidandsllpporting .a light source or projector .6 or. if sound signals .are reproduced together with .tele- Vision signals, also .a second light projector f6]. These projectors may have any ,known structure adapted to direct strong, thin light beams or rays (indicatedby dotted lines) on the 2:2. Theposition of the projectors 66 and 5'! correspondsto thepositionof the-cameras'l-fi andiil in Fig. 1 -sothat these rays hit the film atspots Where corresp'onding signals are recorded. The rays 'pass more or less completely ithroughv-the film and enterphoto-electric cells i5,8-.;and .69 1 respectively which are positioned immediately .at the other sideof the-film and generate electric signals Oren :intensity l/iarying accord n r owthe transparency :of the film whereby ithese gsignals corded on the The cells: 6.3 andififlrma rhafll a y-known .and suitable structure and supported .in ;a;fixed position-.relfiflilewto the light sou s abya eshah darm i aii e to the bracket 6,5.-

may u d o e din ab oadoastineiin and fixed in known manner, the

ma be r T e electr c si na produced i y i l e l-1 V manen j==slidi correspond to the original electric .signa-l-s .re-

' the 51 11 6 I arrows foreexampleuat ,thelower side in ,Fig. 5, and the televisionsignalsxarepositionedyatzthe other side, eacihrtwmcoeo. .rating:te levision and-sound, signal rew'sjhaving. alwaxsthe same distance.

1.;Means :to {control the movement of the film areiproizid daswill:be describedlater with reference ito fEl 6. These ;means are preferably switched :bythehlm whi ,1:f r.t s purp s may carry a-marker,:for example a very thinmetallic y r 11 extending mear :the end 15 preferably alongiza. margin ofithe-film. Theportion of this layerzwhich is :nearest to the end 15 is broadened byganyexteneion l8. :Theotherend of the film carries;aycorresponding layer'a-n'd extension, preferably:atithepphosite margin. The measures and the -r positii.ons {of 5H. and :18 are determined :aceoiidingto theirrelationship ito other-parts of the device which relationship will ;be described in; the following. 'I'helengthof the layer 1,! is shown relatiyely reducedgfor'thesake of better represent ion, and-alseethepther measures of Fig;5 hayezpeen adapted to thispurpose. V Y-fEig :6 shows :thedrums 4,5 schematically. One dri carriesithree circular .:conductors flushing with-the :cylindrioahsurfaceiof the drum. These conductors may-ybeiormed by-wires 1.9, 8.9 and 8:l;=;positiohe.dlgrooves 10f a cylindrical drum body rof insulating materials These wires are preferably:posit oned-hear. n redee of t e d and parallel "to -,-this edge andhave small distances-whichar sh-ow ;e a erated for the s of clearer representation; -When h arker or layer :1?! ;runs over the drum, this layer conductivelypor nectstheconductors -19 and 8!! and, at hen tlreext ension i8 runs over the ;condu ctors.;8 fl and 8|. The other ries similar conductors 19a, a and a arly positiened-near the opposite edge efethis latter drum; and similarly connected when the layer f-t he ;other-filmend :runs over the latte =d. :um-.

. rQIJlarc nIi i I i i v contact ,with one of-six resilient centactsiti (Fig.1) statienarily supported in any suitable mannenfor example by insulating bolts 853 a-ifixed to theebracketsii, and indicatedby Rig. 6. .Qver suchcontaets, the conductors 8b. and .800; .are ,connelcted to ,one' pole of .a current, source .34',l-the. conductor .19 .is .9011- .nected, over the exciting ,c r uitflof, .a rel y 86 to a ,wire gsel" terminating in alcohtact sliding on 'Ijhisrdisk carries a conductor 88 it-hatrposition of t-he d .Sk Whichis ;.remeie r me r h w c iie eenr aconsiderable stress, ..for; example, .35

meets the wire 81 to a wire 89 as indicated by a dotted line. The wire 89 is connected over a master switch 85 to the other pole of the current source 84. The relay 88' can be operated by a second exciting circuit having one pole connected to the conductor 19a and the other pole connected. to a wire 99 which, in the shown position of the disk 34, is connected by the conductor 88 to the wire 89.

Another relay 9| can be also operated by two separate circuits which are supplied with current in the same manner as the described circuits operating the relay 86, except that, with respect to relay 9I,' conductor 8| takes the place which conductor 19 has with respect to relay 88, and correspondingly, conductor 8Ia takes the place oi'conductor 19a.

I The'switch operated by relay 88 has one pole connected over wire 92 to one pole of a current source 93 which may, for example, be constituted by the poles of an electric power network. The other pole of this switch is connected over wire 94 to several parallel branch wires in which the exciting circuits of the brake magnets 51 and of the interrupter relay 95 are inserted. One brake magnet is shown in each of four branch wires, but any desired number of such magnets arranged parallel or in series may be used. Beyond the parts 51 and 95 the branch wires are connected over wire 96 and a master switch 91 to the other pole of the current source 93.

a The switch operated by the relay 9I has one pole connected by wire 98 to wire 92 and one pole of the current source 93. The other pole of this switch is connected by wire 99 to the exciting circuit of a solenoid I having an axially movable core WI and being the essential part of the stopping device 35. Beyond the solenoid I90, this'circuit is connected by wire I02 to wire 98, switch 91 and current source 93.

One end of the core I9I "carries a head I03 afiixed to the core and pressed against the disk 34 by a spring I94. The disk has two diametrically opposite recesses I05 fitting the head I93. In the shown arrangement, the disk can move in clockwise direction until the head I03 engages one of the recesses I95. Preferably, the leading wall of each recess I05 is obliquely, and the lagging wall is perpendicularly positioned with respect to the periphery of the I03 is correspondingly shaped whereby the disengagement occurs substantially instantaneously and the engagement somewhat slower.

The electromotor 33 coupled co-axially with the disk 34 is symbolically represented at another place in Fig. 6 for the sake of clearer representation. One pole of this motor is connected over wire I98 to wire 92 and the current source 93. The other pole is connected to a contact I91. The right end of the core IOI carries a contact arm I98 which is insulated from the core and connects the contact I01 Witha contact I09 when thecore is in a position disengaged from the disk 34. The contact I09 is connected by wire IIO to the switch 91 and the other pole of the current source 93.

The reversible electromotor 48 may run in either of the two rotating directions depending in known manner on which of its two circuits is supplied with current. These two circuits may have a common pole connected by wire III to one pole of the switch of the relay 95. The other pole of this switch is connected to one pole of the current source 93. The alternatingly used two other poles of the motor 48 are connected by disk, and the head wire H2 or II3 respectively to contacts contacting the disk 34 at diametrically opposite points. The disk 34 carries a conductor II4 which, in the shown position of the disk, connects the wire I I2 to a wire H5 and thereby to wire 99 and the other pole of the current source 93. In the opposite position of the disk, the conductor I I4 connects wire II3 to a wire H3 (as indicated by dotted lines) and thereby to the latter pole of the current source.

The operations described in the following are identical for both the recording and the reproduction of the signals. v

At the beginning, the substantial'part of the film is wound around one of the reels 44, for example, the upperreel in Fig. 1. The other reel is empty except for the aifixed end 15 (Fig. 5). All parts are in the positions shown in the figures. The relays 86,9I and 95 do not operate whereby, according to their structure, the switches of the relays 88 and 9I are open, and the switch of the relay 95 is closed. The film is in a position where the metallic layer 11 and its extension 18 positioned near the leading end of the film contact the conductors 19, 89 and 8I. This does, however, not excite the relays 83 and 9I because the wires 81 and 89 are disconnected. The master switches 85 and 91 are closed and remain closed throughout the operation.

As soon as the master switch 91 closes, the motor 48 starts in that direction which corresponds to the circuit comprising the wires H2 and H5 and which rotates the drums in anticlockwise direction (Figs. 1 and 3) winding the film from one reel to the other. After a very short time, the motor 48 reaches its full speed and the recording or reproducing operation described before begins, the film having just reached that position where the line 16 is in the proper position'before the cameras 25 and 84 or the light projectors 66 and 81.

The motor 48 keeps running with uniform speed until the layer 11 near the lagging end of the film connects the conductors 19a and 89a.

This closes one of the circuits operating, the relay 89. Consequently, the switch of this relay closes the circuits operating the brake magnets 51 and the interrupter relay 95. The latter relay interrupts the circuit operating the motor 48. Due to the action of the brake magnets, the speed of the drums, of the film and of the motor 48 is quickly reduced. During this braking period, the film moves a little farther, and the extension 18 contacts the conductors a and Ella at that time when the motor comes to a standstill.

At this moment, the connection of the conductors 80a and Ma closes one of the circuits operating the relay 9I. Consequently, this relay closes the circuit operating the solenoid I99. The solenoid pulls the core I9I to the right side, thereby disengaging the head I93 from the disk 34 and pressing the contact arm I08 against the contacts I01 and I09. This closes the circuit operating the motor 33. This motor starts and turns the disk 34 in clockwise direction whereby the conductors 88 and H4 are disconnected from the respective co-operating contacts. This interruption stops the operation of the relays 88 and 9I, the relay consequently interrupting the circuit operating the brakes and the relay 95, and the relay 9| consequently interrupting the circuit operating the solenoid I99. The relay 95 releases its switch into the closing position, but the motor 48 remains without current because the conductor IJI 4:doesnot' close eitherntith'eztwot motor circuits;

The. motor-"33: turnsrthedisle 3,4. after a; half turn, the; spring; Mg-presses the. heads L03; into the; next; recess; I115? whereby. the core; I01 moves to the left; side; and causes theaarm;I.0&:to1- disconnect the contactsrlflr'lfandg I.I19.', The head; I 83 new steps further rotation of fthez. disktwhich mightresult frominertiai. 7

During the rotation: of: the; disk: 34;. also: the; threaded shaft 32 (Fig.1 2;); has madeza halfzturrr and has shifted the platefiflg togetherwiththen drums-and thefilm into;.a positionkpropenfor. thei nextzrows of, signals (televisionand sound);

After the disk; has; madey-this: half; turn, 1 the; conductors. 88v and; I I4 connect, -respective con: tacts; positioned, diametrically opposite tou the. contacts. originallyconnected by; these: condnce tors. The circuit operating th6im0tDr,-'48&in;011eposite direction is; hereby closede,andtheentire process described is repeatediwith, the;film runnine in opposite: direction, At;the:zendl otthis; second. run, the movement is again, braked ther film is shifted to the next rows, andthe motorAB: is eventually started in again reversed direction.v in the manner described before: This isgreneatled until all rows-f. signals have been; used The power of the. motor andhoft they brakesjis preferably so measuredthat each. period from the beginning of thebraking to: the fulltspeed. in reversed direction takeszonly a-small fraction Of the time required for the entire-runof; the. film. Ifit should be desired to interrupt the, scan ning, the recording, the lightprojecting; or: any other described operation during this reversing, period] one or more additionalflrelaysl IZiLmay; be provided. Each'relay I maybe excited by circuits I2I or I22 which are suppliedby thehcurrent source 84, comprise either the;.conductors I9 and 89 or the conductors l9aandg8flaand; are closed by the layers TI. The switch of a relatg' I2Il maybe used to interrupt-the connection between two Wires of 'alcircuit ,used Figs. 1 and 3, for, example parts, of the circuit. M, of the circuit 62, o f the-circuitr'II or ofzthe; circuit 73, whereby the transmission; ofieienals; is r, interrupted whenever the; filmdoes; not move; atfull speed.

ample time is provided, forv reducing; reversing; andaccelerating the speed ofgthe; filmzandifprishifting from one row to another and anjuninterrupted recording: or reproduction is obtained by using a plurality of signal carriersor films alternatingly and by switchingiroml one carrier: to another at the end of arowof signals. Each, of these films may be operated by a separate device substantially identical to that descrilbedbefore, except for certain modifications of thecon'e trol system which will be, described inthe; folowin identical with partsc describced before-with refer; 752

I23; and I24 which may.- bejpBiI'ISL I in any of. the 3 devices; shown: in;

According to a modification of, my inyentlongd devioe'i vand by: l'onger brakingstinte,

, withzcincular COIldlICllOIS'i'IIQ; 805' and V and-.5 81a: respectiuelyrwliich; are. identical: to -the I 170T 8111162150 .Eiest do; 6: are indicated bythes same: numerals ;a.-sthe0rm.andisome;part$ Lot? the secondz are indibatedc bye numbers computed by addingrmllatm theznunrbersa indicating lthe iid'ent-i tieal partscof the;firstidevicez- Refierringm: to :Eigr 7,, thee film: I-2'5 on: thei first: device: difi'erss frame; the; 24s I 5."); 'mereL-yrs in:thatztherpositionszandimeasures of themarliers 11; studs 18 are, so; medtfiedf asa requiredibyf the;

V modified positioni. offthee conductors: 7.9;. 893 81 19a; IlIlasa-ndZB I or (WhiChiWHlibeidBSBI'ibt-Bfii laten);. andltiiu that; the; film: I12 5.; carries: additional; markersz controlling: the

switchingttromt one: device: tmthemthen These:

- additionalmarkersimay.consistsof two conductive layers I.zli flonezgneapsthainnerendziofi'each layer l ke of two layers: I214. positionedi f-artli'en" in thez moving directions tarthehmedian part of the film ataazsuitablee distance. Ailllayersineartiie V leadineeendxof thaiilmaarepositionedzat one mar gin of: th'erfilm; and all layerstneam: then-lagging? end are; positionedzaitithe opposites margin." The": filma 225, ot' the; second' de ice: canniesscorrespond ingmarkers 226 and 22-13 Reierringato'rEigzifi, dmmsa Hittite-provided 8i-l iorllQag 86w onee'sideaoicthe conductor:allvorrknmrrespectiyelyimiadditional, similarecondue arranged which Q11? the; other sides. ton-128;; on I v218a:respeetively: iSi

, conductorscanz connected to: t'he conductor 89 Or; 8.0a; respectively;bythezlayersi- I26 andi I21; those -:'0f these: layers: which: are positioned near ductors and I28, and'lltliose ofi'ithesevlayers which are: positionedinearrthe; other: end of the film: co-operatinge with the: conductors 80a" and I288. Thegseconda device: comprises two -drums' The control; systems; ctr both: devices i may be 1 supplied: withrcurrenti fromatwoaoommion: sources sand 93 Eachsottthetwoasystemacomprises acontrol-isystenr identical -:.to-:thatideseribedibefore withmeferenceztoefiig. 5;; except i for the modlfica tionstdescrib ed in rtheibllowing with: reference to:

Fig. .8; Fig. 6: isetor bezi regardedi'ase a twice used supplement; toyFigz. 8, conly'thosesparts of iFig. v6 being-shownr agairr in Fig: Biwhich :are necessary;

to show the co-operation with the additional com trol emeansvofl. thezmndifiedrinvention; other: parts whiclnoperate: imexactlyr'thersame manner as descrlbedtbeforebeing toniittediiiriEigaza-for:theisake of; clearen:representation; I v The additional control systemicomprises at-mo tor; I 2 S-aandttWordisksfl 30.: andi.I3 Iadriyen byethe motors-1229;; Breferablmi. the. parts: I29 I30 I3 I1are-coupledtcoeascially, andithertwo disksanay:

be .combinedzin onezzdisk, these: parts being 'shown separatelyamerely; for -the;-sak sot-"clearer: repre sentations. V

Armless Idlrcanabe operated. by eithen=ot two; exciting circuitser Q'ner 013:;v thesdmirouit's: is? com nectedmir oneeside over: sliding contacts similar manner described--- rating witha the conto 82 to the conductors I28 and 228 and on the other side to a contact I33 sliding on the disk I30. The contact I33 can be connected to another sliding contact I34 by either of four conductors I35 carried by the disk I30. The contact I3 4 is connected over wire I31 to the other pole of the current source 84. The other exciting circuit of therelay I32 is similarly connected on one side to. the conductors side to-a sliding contact nected by eitherof the conductors I35 to a sliding contactf.l39 which is connected to wire I31:.

. The switch arm of the relay I32 is connected on one side overwire' I40 to one pole of "the current source 93, and on the other side, when in closed position, over the exciting circuit of a solenoid I4I to the other pole of 93. The solenoid I4I has an axially movable core I42 carry ing a head I43 fitting each of eight recesses I44 which are equidistantly distributed over the periphery of the disk. I30. When the solenoid is excited, the head I43 is withdrawn from the engagement with the respective recess I44 against the pressure of a spring I46.

The other end of the core I42 carries a con-tact arm I41 which is insulated from the core and, in the withdrawn position of the head I43, forms a conductive bridge between two contacts I49 and I50 whereby a circuit I40, I52, I53 operating the motor I29 is closed.

The disk I3I'carries circular conductors I54, I55, I56, I51, I58 and I59 which may be positioned on thecylindricalperiphery of the disk, but are'shown on a broad side of the disk for I38iwhich can be conthe sake of clearer representation. The conductors I55, I51 and I59 form full circles. The conductor I54 has two arc-shaped gaps, each smaller than 90 degrees and filled out with insulating material indicated by dotted lines. The conductors I56 and degrees. I54 are permanently connected tothe conductor I55 by conductors I60 carried by the disk I3I, and the arcs of the conductors I56 and I58 are similarly permanently connected to the conductor I51 or I59 respectively.

The wirev I II leading to the common pole of the reversible motor 48 is connected to a stationary contact slidably contacting the conductor I54,

except when this contact contacts the insulating material of one of the gaps of I54. The conductors I54,,:I60 and I55 connect the wire III to another sliding contact which is connected by Wire I6I to one pole of the current 'source 93. This connectionreplaces theconnection shown in Fig.

6 between wire III and this pole of the current source; The interrupter relay 95 may be omitted in the modified system. The two other poles of I2Ba and 228a, on the other I58 have similar gaps of about 90" Both arc-shaped parts of the conductor 1 the motor 48 are connected by wires H2 or II3 to the other pole of Fig. 6.

The corresponding motor I48 of the second device is similarly connected, a wire a sliding contact positioned at an angle of 90 degrees relative to. the sliding contact of the Wire III.

Meansare provided in the modified recording system to control the cathode ray tube 22 of the first device and that of the second device alternatinglyby the television signals generated by the scanning device, and the same means maybe used in the corresponding reproducing device for connecting the cell 68 of the first device andthat of the second deviceaalternatingly to the sender 14. For example, the wires I4 carrying the tele- 93 in the manner shown in 2II leading to on the conductor I54 .sound'signals. For example, wires I61, I60,

manner as the wires I62,

I and the motor I29 are visionsignals in the recording device, are not immediately connected to the tubes 22, but one of these wires is connected over a. wire I64 to a contact slidingly contacting the conductor I51 on disk I3I. As said before, conductor I51 is permanently connected to conductor I56. A wire I65'is connected to a contact slidingly contacting the conductor I56, except when contacting the insulating material of one of the gaps of I56, and a wire I66 is connected to a sliding contact positioned on the conductor I56 at an angle of 90 degrees relative tothe sliding contact of wire I65. The other wire I4 is connected to two branch wires I62 and I63. The other ends of the wires I62 and I65 are connected to the tube 22 of the first device, and the other ends of the wires I63 and I66 are connected to the tube 22 of the second device in the manner described before with reference to Fig. 1.

In the corresponding reproducing system, one of the wires 13 which are connected to the sender 14 has its other end connected to the wire I64, and the other wire 13 has its corresponding end connected to the branch wires I62 and I63. The wires I62 and I65 are connected, instead to a tube 22, to the cell 68 of the first device, and the wires I63 and I66 are correspondingly connected to the .cell 68 of the second device.

Similar control means may be provided for the I69, I16 and HI and the conductors I58 and I59 may co-operate with the wires 62 and the tubes 63 in the recording system or with the wires 1| and the cells 69 in the reproducing system in the same I63, I64, I65 and I66 and the conductors I56 and I51 co-operate with the wires I4 and the tubes 22 in the recording system or with the wires I3 and the cells 68 in the reproducing system.

In the modified form, the invention operates as follows:

'At the start, the disks I30 and I3I are in the positions shown in Fig. 8. The relay I32 is not excited and the circuits operating the solenoid disconnected. The circuit operating the motor 48 is closed over the conductors I54 and I55. The circuit operating the motor I48 is disconnected at a gap of the conductor I54. Wire I64 is connected to wire I65 over the conductors I51 and I56, and wire I69 is connected to wire I10 over the conductors I59 and-I58 whereby the system is set for operation of the first device.

The operation of the first device starts in the and I21 positioned near the leading end of the film I25 contact the conductors and I28, this does not close the corresponding exciting circuit of the relay I32 because this circuit is interrupted between the contacts I33 and I34.

When the marker I21 positioned near the lagging end of the film I25 contacts the conductors 69a and mm, the other exciting circuit of the relay I32 is closed, and consequently the relay closes the circuit exciting the solenoid MI. The core I42 moves to the right side, disengaging the head I43'from the recess I44 of the disk I30 and closing the circuit operating the motor I29 by means of the contact arm I41. The motor I29 turns together with the disk I30 and I3I until, after an eighth of a turn in clockwise direction, the spring I46 moves the head I43 into the next recess I44, stopping thedisks and interrupting the contacts I49 and I56. During this turning movement, the conductor I54 reaches a positionwhere this conductor closes the circuit operating the motor I 48. This latter motor starts and is gradually accelerated while the motor #8 continues running at full speed and the first device continues the recording or reproducing operation.

At the time when the motor MB has reached its full speed or shortly thereafter, the marker I26 positioned near the lagging end of the film I25 contacts the conductors 88a and IZBa, turning the disks 36 and I3I a second step of an eighth of a turn in the manner described before. During this turning movement, the conductor I5A reaches a position where the circuit operating the motor 48 is interrupted by a gap in this conductor. At the same time or shortly thereafter, the marker l? positioned near the lagging end of the film I25 causes gradual reduction of motor tBs speed and then, the extension 18 of this marker causes the film 525 to shift to the next row and switches the motor 43 from one moving direction to the reverse direction in the manner described before with reference to Fig. 6. The motor #8 does, however, not start its reverse movement before the disk HI has made another (third) step.

Also during the second step of the disks I39 I and I3I, the conductor E56 loses contact with the Wire I55 and, at the same moment, comes in contact with the wire I66, and the conductor I 58 loses contact with the wire I13 and comes in contact with the wire I'II whereby the system is set for operation of the second device which, at this time, is running with full speed.

During the run of the second device, the system operates in the same manner as during the described run of the first device, except that the two devices have exchanged their roles. A third turning step of the disks I39 and NH is caused by the lagging marker 22? whereby the motor 48, the moving direction of which has been reversed before, is started. A fourth step is caused by the lagging marker 226 whereby the recording or reproducing operation is switched from the second device to the first device now running in opposite direction with the second signal row in operative position.

At the beginning of each of the four first steps, one of the four conductors I35 connects the contacts 533 and 539 while the contacts I33 and I34 are disconnected. After the fourth step, the contacts I38 and I39 are disconnected, and at the beginning of each of the following four steps, the contacts I33 and E34 are connected by one of the conductors I35 whereby these latter four steps are caused by those markers I21, I26, 22'! and 226 which ar positioned near the other ends of the films i 25 and-225. These other ends, at these times, being the lagging ends due to the reversal of the movement. With the moving direction reversed and with the second rows of the films in operative position, the operation continues in the manner described before.

After the eighth turning step of the disks I30 and I 3 i the control system is again in its original position and the third rows of the film are in operative position. Then, the operation continues until all rows have been used.

' I desire it understood that my invention is not confined to the operations and devices described and shown, the same being merely illustrative, and that my invention may be carried out in other ways Without departing from the spirit of my invention as it is obvious that the operations and devices described and shown are only a few of the many that may be employed to attain the objects or" my invention.

Having described the nature of my invention and how it operates, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A device for use in a television method comprising the recording of television signals, said device comprising a film sufficiently broad for several rows of signals, a drum having a cylindrical surface contacted by one side of said film, a plurality of conductors carried by said drum on said contacted surface, a conductive layer carried by said film on said contacting surface and extending over a portion of the length of said film, means to rotate said drum and to move said film in contact with said drum, and electric circuits controlling said moving means, said circuits comprising said conductors whereby said layer acts as a temporary connection for said conductors.

2. A device for use in a television method comprising the recording of television signals, said device comprising a film sufficiently broad for several rows of signals, a drum havin a cylindrical surface contacted by one side of said film, a plurality of conductors carried by said drum on said contacted surface, a conductive layer carried by said film on said contacting side and extending over a portion of the length of said film, said layer having two different parts connecting temporarily some of said conductors, one of said parts connecting conductors which are not connected by the other part, means to rotate said drum and to move said film in contact with said drum, means to brake said movement, means to shift said film across the moving direction, means to reverse said moving direction, electrical cir-- cuits controlling said braking means and comprising some of said conductors, and electric circuits controlling said shifting and reversin and comprising others of said conductors.

ALAN M. CARMEL. 

